The Scarlet Letter A Blessing Or A Curse - 1490 Words

Through the words, â€Å"You must unlearn what you have learned,† of the infamous, leafy, green-skinned Jedi Master, â€Å"small in size, but wise and powerful,† comes the secret to obtaining power, the secret to obtaining success, and the secret to obtaining the ruler of all other moral characteristics: knowledge. To be knowledgeable means to have more brain capacity for extensive content. More can be created, more can be interpreted and most importantly, more can be understood. Opportunities open up. However, knowledge can be both a blessing or a curse. In The Scarlet Letter, Pearl takes on the responsibility of being the Moral Compass of her mother, Dimmesdale, and herself. Because of her youthful, yet knowing character, this task comes easy to her; she only wants so much for the truth to come out. At a time of intimacy between Pearl and her mother, Hester, Pearl questions, without hesitation, about the scarlet letter on Hester’s bosom; â€Å"What does the letter mean, mother?-- and why dost thou wear it,† continuing with asking why the minister always places his â€Å"hand over his heart† as if he feels guilt (163). Hester, taken back, asserts that the questions evolved by Pearl’s â€Å"silly,† and quite obstinate, curiosity are what â€Å"a child must n ot ask about† (163). At this moment, Hester realizes the maturity in Pearl’s personality. She behaves much older than she actually is rather than being an innocent young child. It is soon revealed that Pearl is not just a child. She is their oneShow MoreRelatedThe Scarlet Letter : Pearl, A Blessing Or A Curse793 Words   |  4 PagesPearl: A Blessing or a Curse â€Å"Man had marked this woman’s sin by a scarlet letter, which had such potent and disastrous efficiency that no human sympathy could reach her, save it were sinful like herself. God, as a direct consequence of the sin which man thus punished, had given her a lovely child, whose place was on that same dishonored bosom, to connect her parent forever with the race and descent of mortals, and to be finally a bless soul in heaven!† (81-82) Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet LetterRead More Innocence of Children in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essay1062 Words   |  5 PagesInnocence of Children in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne does an admirable job of expressing the true nature of his characters. Nowhere in his story is this more obvious than in his portrayal of the children. Children, in their innocence will say or do anything, for unlike adults, they are not constrained by societal expectations. They are oblivious to most manners and politics and therefore, are less reserved than the adults when it comes to questioning thingsRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne991 Words   |  4 PagesHawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter. All through Dimmesdale’s trials and punishments, if one care’s to look closes enough, there is evidence of a silver lining, trace as though it may be in some cases, showing the grace and goodness of the lord shining through the filth of sin. Out of all the people affected by Dimmesdale’s sin, Hester is predominant, perhaps this is because she had a hand in its conception. It is through Dimmesdale and her sin that Pearl is born. Both a blessing and a curse to Hester, theRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter869 Words   |  4 Pagesand believes that evil can overtake good. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne employs elements of Romanticism and symbolism to communicate the idea that sin and guilt have psychological effects which can turn into physical and mental manifestations. Hawthorne utilizes the romantic element of the focus on the individual to examine the effects of sin and guilt on Hester. Hester commits adultery, and is punished by being forced to wear a scarlet ‘A’, which is the symbol of the sin she committedRead MoreSummary Of The Scarlet Letter 1485 Words   |  6 Pages The Scarlet Letter Reading Journal Chapters 2-3 Hester Prynne is first introduced by an angry crowd of people calling for her death. It seems as Hester has done something terribly wrong, something unforgivable. It gave me mixed thoughts, because I had no idea what she had done that made these people so furious, she could be innocent for all I, or any of the characters, know. Hester’s babe was compared/contrasted to the Scarlet Letter on herself, showing that her babe, not the Letter, was theRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne1389 Words   |  6 PagesJimmy Hawthorne Mrs. Almack AP English 4 10/1/14 Marxism is a secular method for analysis focusing on class relations and societal conflict, which can be used to analyze The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Karl Heinrich Marx was born in Prussia on May 5, 1818 to Heinrich and Henrietta Marx. He explored sociopolitical theories and became a journalist creating socialist writings causing him to be banished from Germany and France. Marx is the creator of the Communist Manifesto which was publishedRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s Scarlet Letter 1392 Words   |  6 PagesAP Short Form â€Å"Scarlett Letter† AP English Language and Composition Title: Scarlet Letter Author and Date of Publication: Nathaniel Hawthorne, Publication in 1850 Significance of the Title: This book was titled The Scarlet Letter because the plot of the novel is centered around the question of who, besides Hetser is the other adulteress. Main Characters: Hester Prynne - The character of Hester is labeled as an adulteress, and is condemned to wear the scarlet letter for the rest of her daysRead MoreSummary Of Hester Prynne By Nathaniel Hawthorne1219 Words   |  5 Pagesloneliness she makes up characters in her mind to play with. Pearl often plays with her mother s scarlet letter, and seems to annoy and pester her by doing so. Hester and Pearl visit the governor s hall, it’s stuffy and has family portraits and a suit of armor. Pearl’s eye is drawn to the suit of armor and points out her mother s reflection in it, Hester becomes mortified when she see the scarlet letter makes up most of the reflection. Chapter 8-9: The four men deciding Pearl’s fate were GovernorRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter : The Puritan Society And The Past Present Relationship Essay2256 Words   |  10 PagesThe Scarlet Letter envisions the Puritan society and the past-present relationship: â€Å"†¦Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Scarlet Letter was an instant success because it handled spiritual and moral issues from a uniquely American point of view. Lewis notes that the novel was originally charged with perpetrating bad morals , even though Hawthorne could not have handled the material more carefully , reiterating the sentiment that sexual urges lead to immortality and moral decay...† (WomackRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter: An Analysis of Puritanism and Sin Essay2184 Words   |  9 PagesThe Scarlet Letter: An Analysis of Puritanism and Sin The Scarlet Letter is a modern classic of American literature written about controversy and published with controversy. The main topic of the book, adultery, is written in a dark and sad way, as Hawthorne describes injustice, fate or predetermination and conscience ( Van Doren, 1998) . No other American novel of the time has such a controversial theme as Hawthornes, The Scarlet Letter. The setting of Nathanial Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter

Living with a Disability Essay example - 573 Words

On many occasions teachers have asked, Is the volume high enough for you? while my class watches a television documentary. Many teachers in middle school imposed strict rules about where in the classroom I could sit. Ive had coaches ask if I know sign language. And during my elementary years, the school insisted I meet with a learning specialist once a week to discuss my feelings about being hearing-impaired. All these restrictions were placed on me despite the fact that I was an above-average student and an aggressive athlete. Being hearing-impaired is something I have dealt with my entire life; by the time I was five years old, putting on hearing aids in the morning was just as normal as brushing my teeth. As a result of a†¦show more content†¦My learning specialist futilely attempted to teach me sign language despite the fact that I had absolutely no need or use for it. People tend to speak louder than normal when they see my thick plastic hearing aids in my ears. From time to time I still hear the term dumb deaf being ascribed to people with a hearing disability. And almost every month I hear someone say that hearing aids are for old people. If anything, my hearing disability has made me a stronger person. Because I wear hearing aids, I constantly have to prove that I am not physically or mentally limited. I have to work harder and earn top-notch grades in school to earn the respect of my teachers. In sports Ive had to run faster, hit harder, catch better and score more points to prove I am not physically challenged by my hearing disability. I still dont know a word of sign language and I dont fit in with people who are deaf and sign as a way to communicate. I consider myself no different from anyone else. I wear hearing aids, but I can hear without them. And I am not half deaf with my hearing aid on, I can hear just as well as anyone else. In my quest to prove my equality to my non-disabled peers, I have made myself better than the average teenager. I won the coachs award and all-star award on my softball team and my team was a finalist in our league championship tournament. I have played varsity softball my three years in highShow MoreRelatedEssay about Living with Disability1650 Words   |  7 Pages Disability is an topic that has produced conflict, and is viewed very differently from either side. For able-bodied people to truly understand what disabled people go through they need to see disabled people more; see their lives. If seeing disabled people more often became reality, they would be viewed as normal more, and it would make interacting easier for both sides. Disabled people have a hard life, but it does not mean it is not worth living. Nancy Mairs, Andre Dubus, and Harriet McBryde JohnsonRead MoreLiving With Chronic Illnesses And Disabilities1229 Words   |  5 PagesMost people without disabilities or chr onic illnesses wake up each morning to a day with practically unlimited potential. Although energy is a finite resource for everyone, most healthy people do not have to worry about the possibility of running out. Unless they come down with an illness or they overtax themselves—which, for a healthy person, generally requires either very difficult or very stressful activities, or both—they can fill their day. If they do exhaust themselves before the day is overRead MoreIs Deafness a Disability or a Way of Living?1593 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals, who are surprisingly different from the rest of the members of their own families. This situation causes a cross-cultural conflict, which others believe needs fixing. Nevertheless, society should not perceive the Deaf community as a disability group but as a discrete linguistic minority, rich in history, values, and traditions. Deaf people often occupy an uneasy position in society. Since most children with hearing impairments have hearing parents, their family members frequently oppressRead MoreExpository Essay : Living With A Disability2653 Words   |  11 PagesCynthia Loyola Ms. Duenow Expository Reading and Writing Period 4 Living with a Disability Dyasha Smith, a 21 year old student died by choking on a muffin at school. She wore diapers, was nonverbal, was autistic. Dyasha was a victim of neglect. Her mother stated that she was supposed to have a full-time supervisor on the bus and at school. Her supervisor was not there at the time of the event. This girl could have been helped, but the staff was too careless (Taylor). This is only one story ofRead MoreSupport Services Available For People Living With Disabilities809 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many support services available for people living with disabilities. It is important these services are in place to ensure disabled people have the same opportunities as everyone else. The Equality Act was put into place in 2010 to ‘support the rights of disabled students by giving greater legal protection against discrimination’. (Disability Rights UK, 2012) The act emphasises the legal duty on education providers, employers and service providers to make appropri ate changes in order forRead MoreUS Disability Living Allowance Controversy Essay1990 Words   |  8 PagesSeptember of 2013, 5.9 million people have been added to the Social Security Disability program (Finger, 2013.) That compared to the less than 2.5 million jobs created during this same period demonstrates a problem (Finger, 2013.) According to the Social Security Administration, Social Security Disability benefits have reached 10.9 million (Finger, 2013.) A record one in fourteen workers is now on the â€Å"Social Security Disability payroll† (Finger, 2013.) According to Congressional Research estimatesRead MoreThe Importance Of Providing Better Assessments For Adults With Disabilities1559 Words   |  7 Pagesbetter assessments for Adults with Disabilities, before placing them into a specific housing setting, without undermining their independence level. In 1998, Wehmeyer and Bolding published a research article that focused on the enhancement of self-determination of adults with disabilities after they lived or worked in community-based environments. This research specifically focused on the intellectually disabled population. Wehmeyer and Bolding states that the living environments that encompass a smallerRead MoreThe Role Of A Career Counselor Meets The Needs Of People With Disabilities1432 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract People living with a disability either physically , mentally or emotionally face major complications and discrimination when it comes to their career choice in that some sectors of the employment see them as unfit or incapable of performing various responsibilities. When it comes to their working life, they are subjected to various challenges which hinder their output and general performance of their duties. This research focuses on the special needs of this particular group when it comesRead MoreA Place For Call Home : Intellectual Disabilities And Residential Services849 Words   |  4 PagesIntellectual Disabilities and Residential Services in Nova Scotia,† is an article written by Rachel Barken (PH.D Candidate) from the Department of Sociology at McMaster University. This article is about how Nova Scotia still continues to institutionalize people with intellectual disabilities when other provinces across Canada are working on deinstitutionalizing. Provinces in Canada are moving towards the approach of community living based group homes for people with intellectual disabilities. BarkenRead MoreAnalysis Of The National Disability Insurance Scheme913 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The National Disability Insurance Scheme is doing great in providing funding for people living with disabilities to ensure full access and participation within society. Therefore it is very important ensure that services are available and fully funded, for these people with disabilities to access. In this report, the author is going outline the main approaches to service delivery in the disability sector in Australia, in terms of how they are funded and structured. This is to ensure

Examination of Statistical Software †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Examination of Statistical Software. Answer: Introduction The objective of this report is to discuss the information system and accounting software of Target Australia. The company, Target is a mid-price department store chain and Australia's largest store in terms of number. The company is a subsidiary of Wesfarmers. This report is divided into two parts. The first part discusses the current organizational structure of Target, existing operational problems, current use of Information Systems, and existing control problems in the systems. The second part discusses the journey of accounting software packages, analysis of current market in Australia and identify the current gaps in the market with respect to accounting software packages (Granlund, 2011). The purpose of this part is to provide detailed analysis that will help the management to select the relevant software for their business out of the numerous businesses available in the Australian market. The paper also has a conclusion sections that sums down the analysis of the paper. Analysis of Target and existing Information Systems The large retailers like Target have the options to choose from number of system integration methods. The suggested choice in most of the cases is ERP system as ERP system works as one stop solution for all the organizational IT and business problems. The various part of first part can be discussed as: Target Australia has a very flat organizational structure. The company has close to 16,000 employees in Australia. There are three key levels of organizational structure at Target Inc. The top level of the level of senior management. This level includes the CXOs of the company. The next level or the level 2 of the organization is the level of mid-managers. These are the management people who are ultimately responsible for the operational work and operational decisions. The third level of level 3 is the employees who are executors. These are the people, who are responsible to implement the strategies and policies. The basic theme of the roles of three level can be discussed as: Top level/ Level 1: Strategy and Policy Development Mid level/ Level 2: Operational work and operational decision-making Low level/ Level 3: Execution engine Operational problems due to existing organizational structure Target has to match the sales data and revenue recognized which is sort of conciliation and there are often issues in doing that. Some other issues are picking of material from the warehouse. As there are large number of product SKUs and products are stored without using barcoding and dedicated location of each SKU, it takes long time to locate the product and sometimes product is stored but inability to locate it lead to stock-outs. Another challenge is required that too much data entry is required which sometimes cause inaccuracy due to human errors. Not only this, paper work required extra space to store and make it difficult to retrieve information and handle it. There are various methods to manage the Information Technology within the organization. The company can either get the custom software created based on its business needs. However, it is important that the business needs should be translated effectively and mapped to Information Technology needs. The second solution for the company is the use of commercial software and the third option for the company is the used of Employee Resource Planning system. Commercial software that can be customized and configured based on business requirements would be the best choice for Target-Australia. It is suggested that Target should get the ERP system customized based on its business needs. The sales at Target-Australia happen through a combination of offline and online methods. Most of the stores of Target Australia are owned stores. The company has a centralized inventory management system that is integrated with the various sales systems of different stores (Oster, 2012). The support function, to the sales function, for Target-Australia are marketing, human resource function and operations functions. The system flowchart for the company for the existing sales procedures can be shown as: Control problems and possible frauds One of the control problems for Target-Australia is that not all the raw materials is purchased on the daily basis. Only the material, which is required to support production on the next day, will be purchased on a given day. Thus, one of the control needed is that use of items in the food which are no longer fresh i.e. has passed their shelf life should not be permitted to be issued for the particular job. Another control problem is that no dedicated space in the warehouse for the particular SKU (Stock Keeping units), which results in the long time during picking and locating the material. The possible frauds at Target can happen through inefficient inventory management system. One of the leakages for fraud is that various stores of Target can shown false inventory levels. The store manager can indulge himself or herself in fraud by showing inadequate inventory level. For example, suppose for Product A, the actual inventory in store is 120 units and the store manager quotes it as 95 units. If this information is recorded in the system, the store manager can actually sell 25 units in the black market and the profitability would not be recorded in the books of Target Australia. There are various types of accounting software packages that Target or any other retailer can use. The various parts of second part can be discussed as: Development of accounting software packages There are various commercial accounting software packages that Target can use. Going back to the history of accounting software development, MYOB was the first product developed by the Teleware in 1983 in New Jersey. Its first product was Managing your money and become famous as MYM. This product was half-baked and there were many issues. Mind your own business was the next version of MYM, which become famous as MYOB. As business was increasing, Teleware give license to Australian software distribution firm and then MYOB become a market leader in Australia. More similar products were hitting the market but they are still in infancy and first mover advantage helps MYOB to penetrate deeply in the market and command good customer base. By late 1990s, company changed its headquarter from US to Australia. Intuit also launched program quicken which become famous as quick books online. The current accounting software industry in Australia is a huge industry. This industry started with the on-premise solution for accounting problems. The last decade has seen the evolution of cloud based accounting software. The benefit with cloud-based accounting software is that the small and mid size organizations can also use the accounting packages without any much hiccups. It is estimated that the current size of accounting software industry in Australia is $20 billion. The annual growth rate in the industry is 2.6%. At an industry level, the anticipated employees in the industry are 115,557. The Accounting Services industry has grown over the past five years on the back of steady economic growth and increasing demand for industry-specific advisory services (Mangala Kumari, 2015). Leaders and competitive advantage There are various players in the industry and each of the players has its own pros and cons. The large companies like SAP also have ready-made solutions to address the accounting problems of large organizations. MYOB, on the other hand, has highest penetration in the market and thus has the market share however its growth is less which means that XERO will beat the MYOB in coming times. Sage ERP subscriptions are on the decline as this products lacks Australian localization. QuickBooks online and Reckon are other products that are growing but still they are small players. The current accounting software industry in Australia is highly fragmented industry with number of players in organized and un-organized sector. The players in organized sector are the large players like SAP, XERO, etc. The players in the unorganized sector are mainly the small players that would usually cater to the needs of small players in the industry. It is expected that going forward both organized players and unorganized players would grow in the country (Mouritsen Hansen, 2009). One of the current gaps or the drawbacks in the current accounting packages is the dependency on skilled resources to manage the system. Various organizations have felt that it is not easy to manage the accounting software implementation. In fact, the implementation of accounting software package can be a mess in itself if it is not handled effectively. In fact, this is one of the reasons that there was a huge demand in the use of cloud based accounting software. It is relatively easy to manage the implementation of cloud based accounting system as compared to on-premise implementation. Another gap in the current accounting software landscape in Australia is the high cost of accounting software packages. In the current environment, also, there are number of organizations that are not able to utilize the benefits of accounting software packages due to high cost. In the coming times, the cost of accounting software should come down (Jadhav Sonar, 2009). Few recommendations at the industry level an be discussed as: Recommendations: It is recommended that the emphasis should be increase in cloud based accounting software. There are various advantages of cloud-based system and it is recommended that these benefits should be passed on to various organizations (Yigitbasioglu, 2015). It is recommended that various organizations in the accounting software industry should work together to contain the cost of accounting software implementation. The growth rate of accounting software industry is high and the maximum benefits would be realized when different stakeholders can work together (Daly Creed, 2008). It is recommended that the organizations operating in this industry should also work together to provide after sales support for accounting software implementation. At times, it is observed that the organizations would not implement the accounting software because there is not after sales support or the after sales support is too expensive. Therefore, it is important that the organizations should work together to provide better after sales service. Conclusion This paper begins with analysis of organizational structure at Target Australia and suggests them what will be the best approach for them to make software in-house or to buy software. After that, there was discussion on flow chart of sales procedure (Clark Shoaib, 2012). The second part of this paper talked about the evolution of accounting software in Australia in general and what are the pros and cons of various software and which one will be most aligned to the business of Target Australia. With the above discussion it can be said that ERP system is the best solution for Target Australia. At the same time, it is recommended that accounting software package should be integrated tightly with the ERP systems. The ERP system for Target Australia would have number of modules and the accounting software should be the key module for organizations. References Clark, R.A., Shoaib, M., Hewitt, K.N., Stanford, S.C. and Bate, S.T., 2012. A comparison of InVivoStat with other statistical software packages for analysis of data generated from animal experiments.Journal of Psychopharmacology,26(8), pp.1136-1142. Creed, D., Daly, D., Dowdle, P., Stevens, J. (2008). A roadmap to help your organization become process-based. Journal Of Corporate Accounting Finance (Wiley, 19(5), 77-83. Granlund, M., 2011. Extending AIS research to management accounting and control issues: A research note.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,12(1), pp.3-19. Jadhav, A.S. and Sonar, R.M., 2009. Evaluating and selecting software packages: A review.Information and software technology,51(3), pp.555-563. Mangala, D. and Kumari, P., 2015. Corporate Fraud prevention and deteCtion: revisiting the Literature.Journal of Commerce and Accounting Research,4(1). Mouritsen, J., Hansen, A. and Hansen, C.., 2009. Short and long translations: Management accounting calculations and innovation management.Accounting, Organizations and Society,34(6), pp.738-754. Oster, R.A., 2012. An examination of statistical software packages for categorical data analysis using exact methods.The American Statistician. Yigitbasioglu, O., 2015. Enablers of sense-making and responding and their impact on the effectiveness of management accounting practices.

Professional Development in Business

Question: Discuss about the Professional Development in Business. Answer: Introduction: Leaders guides and motivates vision to frame something new for his team members. They show the accurate direction to the team. An able leader should have a unique idea and skills to lead his team in the attainment of the goals and objectives (Northouse 2015). This report proposes a framework of the standards of rendering direction to the organizations and brings together the diverse yet complete information about the leaders who have acted on similar projects. The report is a step forward towards the growth of new occupational standards. This report aims at providing the skills and qualities of a successful leader required in a booming business. Here, Andy Palmer, the chief executive officer of Aston Martin is chosen for the case study. A brief overview of Andy Palmers leadership style, traits, attitudes, behavior and power is explored in this report. The report proceeds with a brief view on the leadership skills theory and then focuses the leadership styles of Andy Palmer. Aston Martin is being chosen for the case study to analyze the strategies undertaken by the CEO, Andy Palmer to increase the brand value and sales of the organization. The product placement strategies by the marketing executives increase the revenue of the company. The data collected are qualitative in form. Both primary and the secondary data are collected for the case study. Primary data is collected by interviewing the executives and customers by forming a questionnaire. Secondary data is collected from secondary sources like company statistics, documents supplied by the company and journals. Literature Review: Leadership is a complex procedure about the qualities and the competencies that can capture the nature of the leaders. A study on the leadership skills of the successful leaders reveals the capabilities inbuilt within him. Effective leaders can co-ordinate with his team irrespective of the number of team members (Certo 2015). Leaders implement empowerment within the organization to motivate the employees. The leaders must first empower themselves in order to create the environment of empowerment within the organization. Employees under insecure leadership cannot perform well (Day et al. 2014). They are given below: High level of Integrity and honesty:The essential traits in a successful leaders are high level of integrity and honesty. Motivating and inspiring: An effective leader should be able to communicate with his team members to stimulate and motivate them towards achieving the goal. Good and effective communication skill:Good communication skills are one of the important traits that connect the team with its leaders. Analyzing problems and solving them: Good leaders should be able toanalyze the current market situation and solve the problems for the organization in the way of its achieving its objective. Forming relationships:For every business to succeed a strong foundation of trust and relationship should be built among the employees of an organization. A strong relationship is also required between the consumers and the company. Strategic viewpoint: Good leaders can foresee the problems and take strategic decisions to avoid them. Innovative thinking: Innovation is the key skill for every leader to become successful. To develop technical and professional skill:A good leader should keep himself updated by upgrading his technical and professional skills. Organization choosesthe leadership style based on theories and techniques. The situational leadership style is the often argued to the best type of leadership style as this is based on the variables set by the situation. The type of work, qualifications of the employees and the complexities within the company all takes part in choosing the leadership style of an organization (Cherniss and Boyatzis 2013).The main reasons behind the success and the failure of the CEO of a company depend upon the following points below: To know the employees better:Psychological and behavioral attributes influences the success and the failure of the leadership styles. To understand the culture better:to get a better insight about the company a good connection with the employees, consultants and vendors are essential. The key to become a successful leader is to combine different characteristics of leadership style based on the circumstances. Various approaches of leadership styles are discussed below: Trait Theory: This theory is based on the assumption that individuals inherit certain leadership qualities or traits that are best suited for him. Trait theory often recognizes the behavioral and the personality traits that are best suited for the individual. Inconsistencies between the traits and the effectiveness ultimately led the scholars to shift their model towards search for new explanations for the effectiveness of leadership (VanWart 2014). Great Man Theory: this theory is based on the assumption that great leaders are born and cannot be made (Lu 2012). Contingency theory: this theory focuses on the variable that are related to the environment that determine the which particular leadership style is best suited in a work situation. Thus, this factor is the variable that is related to a particular situation. This theory mainly relates to the leadership styles that are demanded in a specific situation (Bihr et al. 2014). Situational Theory: this theory proposes that the leadership theories are the preset course of actions that the leaders adopt based on the circumstances. This includes appropriate leadership styles and decision-making by the leaders in a particular situation (Campbell, Youngs and Anderson 2013). Behavioral Theory:this theory is based on the great man theory, which focuses on the internal and the intellectual qualities of the leader. Two types of behavioral leadership style as Autocratic and the Democratic. Participative Theory: This theory suggests that the input from the team members are essential and the leader feel that it is relevant for the team member to take part in the decision making process (Campbell, Youngs and Anderson 2013). Transactional Theory: this theory is referred to as the management theory that takes into consideration the supervision, group performance and exchange of thoughts between the leaders and the team members (Marais et al. 2014). Transformational Theory: this leadership style brings about valuable and positive changes among the team members. This leadership model increases motivation and morale among the employers of the organization (Marais et al. 2014). Skill theory: The skill theory states that the knowledge and the skillsacquired are the main factors in effective leadership style. However, it refuses to take into account the inherited capacity to lead effectively. This theory often demands the resources and the efforts that are devoted for the training a development of leaders (Marais et al. 2014). Critical analysis of Leadership skills of Andy Palmer: Andy Palmer is a man with innovative thinking and strategic view point. This particular traits of his character enables him to make a plan to transform Aston Martin into an innovative 21st century car manufacturer which will transform the company from a car manufacturer to an icon in England. According to him, this can be done through strengthening of the core competencies of a luxury sports car manufacturer. Andy palmer has incorporated innovative plans within the organization as the main framework for his future vision of the company (Nurnberger and Holgate 2015). The beauty, power and soul are the tag line of the organization.Andy Palmer is responsible for the product planning, program management and marketing communication on the global basis in the organization. His strategy is to improve controlling of the revenue through mathematical formulae to adjust cost of marketing, sales and cost of transaction (Payne and Lagonda 2015). Here, he uses the trait theory to set goals for the organization. The trait theory mainly brings out the traits and qualities of a leader. However, there is no quantifiable measure to recognize the characteristics of leadership. Forming good relationship with the customer is an essential for a business to succeed. His relentlessly efforts and a constant focus on the target customers enhances the sales and the brand value of the organization (Ritchie 2013). The strategic view point of Andy Palmer enables him to foresee the problems the company may face in the future. So he frames his strategies in a way to escape any such situation. A combination of contingency theory and situation theory of leadership skills is applicable here.The contingency theory is mainly based on the environmental variables. But it is found that leaders like Andy Palmer often tend to acknowledge or penalize the employees. These strategies help Aston Martin to reduce marketing cost and enhance transaction pricing in the target market in both Europe and United States. He is the linchpin in the organization between the development of the product and the sales in the market. Maximizing efficiency in the production process is applied to Aston Martin along with marketing strategies. Good communication skill is an essential for effective leadership. Good communication enables a leader to understand the diverse cultural background of the employees. This in turn helps the employees to take active participation in the project in which they are involved. A combination of participative theory and transactional theory is applicable here. The transactional theory is a servant-leadership theory. The transactional theory is based upon the ethical and monetary needs of the company. However in reality the structure is predominantly supported by power and politics. Good communication with the employees motivate them and thus increases the productivity of the organization. The employees are human beings having psychological and social needs which cannot be satisfied by monetary compensation. The CEO should put emphasis on this factor. The company increases its brand value by advertising campaigns (West 2015). Brand value is steadily increasing and is now ranked within the lea ding brands globally. It is also elevated itself from a car manufacturer to cultural icon in UK. Aston Martin does not have the technologies according to the customers. However, Aston Martin incorporatesthose technologies within the car models and invests more in creating alliance with those companies that are already using these technologies. Andy Palmer emphasized on enhancing customer satisfaction and experience. The objective of every dealer is to achieve the brand value as portrayed in the advertising campaigns. The product planning strategy continuously incorporates innovations and other advanced technologies like automated transmission into the models so that it can meet up with the customer demands in the long run. The electric vehicle will be an inevitable solution to the pollution and the greenhouse gas effect worldwide (Bryman 2015). The CEO also possess the qualities of a born leader which is reflected in his attitude. A combination of great man theory and transformational theory is applicable here. His duty is to extract the best out of the employees of the organization, which cannot be achieved overnight. However, the qualities like integrity and honesty within him will enable him to achieve his audacious goals overtime. The great man theory emphasized on the fact that people from upper class with exceptional living standard can only have leadership skills, which limits the scope of leadership. He finally focuses on converting the company into a premium brand. This conversion goes through different stages of development. Reasons behind choosing Aston Martin: The company Aston Martin is chosen for this case study. The study tries to investigate how the product is placed in the market and to find how effective the strategies are as undertaken by Andy Palmer. The effectiveness of the strategies would reflect the leadership skills of Andy Palmer, the CEO of Aston Martin. Other associated questions that arise with the main question are what kind of benefits for placement of product is perceived (Bryman 2015). The goals of the study are given below: to enhance the brand name of the organization and increase the sales of the company to identify and put the description of the product placement strategies in the history of the company as it is placed Aston Martin DB5 in a James Bond film Goldfinger. to collect interpretations on the convenience of the marketing strategies by the executives of Aston Martin. to gather information about the revenue earned and increased sales resulting from the placement of the product in the target market. Aston Martin encourages its customers to gather and choose from a huge range of options in their models. The company takes pride on its artisanship of the workforce. The birds eye view involves approaching operating system in their model, which can be upgraded overtime. The engineers face a lot of technical constraints and technological challenges. The strategies undertaken by Andy Palmer to encourage the employees and the engineers help the organization to overcome such difficulties and incorporate innovation and scientific research in the process (Payne and Lagonda 2015). The exterior designers, the interior designers and the engineers work together to launch model of Aston Martin in the market. Hence, teamwork is required to complete the project successfully. A good communication among the employees will increase the productivity and efficiency of the team. Aston Martin has an excellent reputation on the quality and the artistry of the product. Aston Martin is trying to make partn ership with other organizations to enhance its quality and efficiency of the product. Data collection: This case study gives a qualitative research on the organization Aston Martin. The study follows a qualitative pattern of research and is supported by social constructionist approach. The social constructionist approach views the society as the process of asserting individuals and the world. The methodology used in the study requires the empirical investigation on the contemporary fact on the context of real life. The study focuses on the product placement marketing strategies and its contribution to increase the profitability of the organization. The study involve s both primary and the secondary data. Primary data is collected by interviewing the executives of the organization. Questionnaire is formed to understand cause behind the strategies chosen by the marketing executives (Lu 2012). Again, interviewing the individuals will give opportunity to gather answers backed by the responses of the interviewees. Secondary data is collected from the secondary sources like journals, news a rticles, documents provided by the organization, the statistics supplied by the organization. The data retrieved are verified based on the primary data collected. Conclusion: The leaders take the key responsibility to increase the competitive advantage in the market. A proper leadership often acts as the key to every successful business. The leaders are the linchpins in connecting the employees, level of performance and productivity of the organization (Loveys 2015). The report shows path toward the growth of new occupational standards. The study also provides skills and qualities of a successful leader in a flourishing business. The CEO of Aston Martin is chosen whose leadership skills and qualities are analyzed based on the theories of leadership. A literature review on the leadership skills are given in the report, which is followed by a critical analysis of the leadership skills of Andy Palmer. 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